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Investment Calculator — Portfolio Growth & Returns
Estimate total return, capital gains, and ending balance for stocks, ETFs, and bonds.
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Future Value of Investment Formula
Transparent mathematical methodology explained in plain English.
FV = PV(1 + r)^t + PMT × [ ((1 + r)^t - 1) / r ] Calculates the projected growth of periodic contributions at a constant annual percentage rate.
Variables Explained:
- FV: Future value of investment.
- PV: Present portfolio value.
- r: Expected annual rate of return.
- t: Time horizon in years.
Real Project Example
Long-term Stock Market Index Investing
Evaluating $500 monthly investment over 25 years at 7% annual real return.
Sample Project Inputs:
Initial: $5,000
Monthly Deposit: $500
Return: 7%
Years: 25
Step-by-Step Calculation:
- Total cash contributed: $5,000 + ($500 × 300) = $155,000.
- Compound growth: $383,996.
- Total ending balance: $411,000.
Calculated Answer: $411,000 projected portfolio value.
Knowledge Base
Frequently Asked Questions: Investment Calculator
Click any question below to expand quick answers, formulas, and expert tips.
What is a realistic annual stock market return?
Historically, the S&P 500 has averaged approximately 10% annual nominal return before inflation, or about 7% annual return after accounting for inflation over multi-decade horizons.